Welcome back! This will be part 2 of my posts on the Vietnamese language as used in the game upon changing the game language. Last time I talked about units. This time, it will be the technologies of the game (no Hunting Dogs or Tracking though, since they are no longer on the tech tree)
Last time, I got some great responses from, surprisingly and not-too-surprisingly enough, speakers of some Chinese languages (most notably, Cantonese)! They were able to read some of the *Vietnamese* words I keyed in despite our complicated cluster system and tones, matched 'em with Mandarin or Cantonese terms they are more familiar with and discussed with me their thoughts on them, and at the same time open my eyes up to brand-new terms used in the Traditional/Simplified translations of the game that could very well work even in Vietnamese (cảm ơn bạn u/html_lmth especially). So this time, I have included this new detail just for them: Han characters where a term I suspect and can track down is Sino-Vietnamese. No more ambiguity between languages!
| Technology | Vietnamese term | Translation of the Vietnamese term into English | My thoughts |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thumb Ring | Ban chỉ (扳指) | I don't even know if this word exists in our thesaurus or not, but if the Chinese Wikipedia is of any indication, it would mean "thumb ring" literally | and here I thought they didn't borrow a few from the Chinese translations of the game 11 |
| Parthian Tactics | Chiến thuật Parthia (戰術) | literal | |
| Supplies | Vật tư | literal | |
| Squires | Hộ vệ (護衛 / 护卫) | literal | |
| Arson | Phóng hoả (放火) | literal, "set fire" | |
| Bloodlines | Huyết mạch (血脈) | literal | |
| Husbandry | Chăn nuôi | literal | |
| Padded Archer Armor | Giáp vải cung thủ | "archer's textile armor" | "padded" got left out |
| Leather Archer Armor | Giáp da cung thủ | "archer's leather armor" | |
| Ring Archer Armor | Giáp vòng cung thủ | "archer's ring armor" | |
| Fletching | Lông gắn chuôi tên | "feathers attached to the end of an arrow" | A bit lengthy, but that's Vietnamese for ya |
| Bodkin Arrow | Tên xuyên giáp | "armor-piercing arrow" | Not quite 100% the meaning of "bodkin", but as an upgrade to regular arrows it makes sense |
| Bracer | Bao cổ tay | "armguard" | |
| Forging | Rèn | literal | |
| Iron Casting | Đúc gang | literal | |
| Blast Furnace | Lò luyện kim | literal | |
| Scale Barding Armor | Giáp ngựa vảy | "scale cavalry armor" | |
| Chain Barding Armor | Giáp ngựa xích | "chain cavalry armor" | |
| Plate Barding Armor | Giáp ngựa tấm | "plate cavalry armor" | |
| Scale Mail Armor | Giáp vẫy | "scale armor" | so infantry armors are OG and cavalry ones are derived from that? No problems on my end, but that does sound sorta weird |
| Chain Mail Armor | Giáp xích | "chain armor" | |
| Plate Mail Armor | Giáp tấm | "plate armor" | |
| Gillnets | Lưới rê | literal | |
| Careening | Nối đất | "connect to the ground" | this is better-known as an electrical term IMO, though even I don't know ship-building/maintenance enough to critique it |
| Dry Dock | Xưởng cạn | "dry factory" | |
| Shipwright | Thợ đóng tàu | literal | |
| Masonry | Công tác nề | literal | |
| Architecture | Kiến trúc (建築) | literal | |
| Fortified Wall | Tường gia cố | literal | |
| Ballistics | Đạn đạo (彈道 / 弹道) | literal | |
| Guard Tower | Tháp phòng vệ | literal | |
| Keep | Tháp chính | "main tower" | |
| Heated Shot | Đạn pháo nóng | "heated cannon shot" | |
| Murder Holes | Lỗ sát nhân | literal | |
| Treadmill Crane | Cần trục guồng xoay | literal | |
| Chemistry | Hoá học (化學 / 化学) | literal | |
| Bombard Tower | Tháp pháo | "cannon tower" | |
| Siege Engineers | Kĩ sư công thành | literal | |
| Arrowslits | Lỗ châu mai | literal | |
| Hoardings | Rào quây | literal | |
| Sappers | Công binh (工兵) | literal | |
| Conscription | Cưỡng chế tòng quân | literal | |
| Spies / Treason | Gián điệp (間諜 / 间谍) / Phản quốc (反國) | literal for both | I am 99% certain that "phản quốc" is Sino-Vietnamese, but the Chinese term for treason is actually 叛國 so a tad bit different |
| Redemption | Cứu chuộc | literal, "to redeem" | |
| Atonement | Chuộc tội | literal, "to atone" | |
| Herbal Medicine | Thảo dược (草藥) | literal | |
| Heresy | Dị giáo (異教) | literal | |
| Sanctity | Sự thiêng liêng | literal, or "sacredness" | |
| Fervor | Nhiệt huyết (熱血) | literal | heh, I always think it translates to "passionate" |
| Faith | Đức tin | literal | |
| Illumination | Khai sáng (開創) | literal, "to enlighten" | |
| Block Printing | In khuôn | literal | |
| Theology | Thần quyền (神権 / 神权) | "divine rights" | Honestly, "Thần học" translates better |
| Loom | Dệt may | "textile" | A more literal translation would be "Khung cửi" |
| Town Watch | Gác thành | literal | |
| Town Patrol | Tuần tra thành (巡查城) | literal | |
| Wheelbarrow | Xe rùa | literal | |
| Hand Cart | Xe kéo tay | literal | |
| Gold Mining | Khai thác vàng | literal | |
| Gold Shaft Mining | Giếng đào vàng | literal, "gold well" | |
| Stone Mining | Khai thác đá | literal | |
| Stone Shaft Mining | Giếng đào đá | literal, "stone well" | |
| Double-Bit Axe | Rìu hai lưỡi | literal | |
| Bow Saw | Cưa cung | literal | |
| Two-Man Saw | Cưa hai đầu | "double-ended axe", which I presume the "end" stands for "grip" | |
| Coinage | Đúc tiền | literal, "minting" | |
| Banking | Ngân hàng | literal | |
| Caravan | Xe lưu động | "mobile wagon" | |
| Guilds | Phường hội (坊会) | literal | |
| Horse Collar | Tròng cổ ngựa | literal | |
| Heavy Plow | Cày sâu | "deep plowing" | |
| Crop Rotation | Luân canh | literal |
Wow, normal techs are translated much closer than I thought they would, compared to units. Maybe unique techs would be a bit more varied...
| Unique technology | Vietnamese term | Translation of the Vietnamese term into English | My thoughts |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yeomen | Nghĩa dũng binh (義勇兵) | literal | |
| Warwolf | Sói chiến | literal, "battle wolf" | |
| Greek Fire | Lửa Hi Lạp | literal | |
| Logistica | Hậu cần học (後勤學 / 后劝学) | literal, "logistics" | |
| Stronghold | Thành trì (城池) | literal | |
| Furor Celtica | Bạo binh Celt | "Celtic barbarians" | |
| Great Wall | Trường Thành (長城) | Literally it means "long wall", but when written capitalised as such it refers to the Great Wall of China specifically | |
| Chivalry | Tinh thần hiệp sĩ | literal | |
| Bearded Axe | Rìu râu | literal | |
| Anarchy | Vô chính phủ (無政府) | literal | |
| Perfusion | Kĩ thuật vảy | literal (I guess? Never heard of this term before) | |
| Yasama | Khe bắn tên | "arrow slit" | |
| Kataparuto | Máy bắn đá | "catapult" | us Vietnamese and Japanese great minds think alike 11 |
| Nomads | Du mục (游牧 / 遊牧) | literal | |
| Drill | Thao luyện (操練 / 操练) | literal, "intense practice" | For the longest time I thought "drill" here means actual drills added on siege weapons that somehow allow them to move faster 11 |
| Kamandaran | untranslated | Given that it means "archers" in Farsi, I guess not translating is a nice choice | |
| Mahouts | Quản tượng (管象) | literal, "elephant keeper" | |
| Madrasah | Trường học Hồi giáo | literal, "Muslim school" | |
| Zealotry | Nhiệt tâm | "enthusiastic inner self" (maybe?) | "Zealotry" straight-up translates to "lòng cuồng tín" ("fanaticism" translates to the same thing to us) |
| Ironclad | Bọc sắt | literal | |
| Crenellations | Tường răng cưa | "battlement" | "Crenellations" refers to the act of creating battlements, while the Vietnamese term refers to the state of the battlement after the crenellation process |
| Sipahi | Kị binh Sipahi | "Sipahi cavalry" | A bit of an overlap, but cool nonetheless |
| Artillery | Pháo binh (炮兵) | literal | |
| Chieftains | Thủ lĩnh | "leader" | "Thủ lĩnh bộ lạc" is a wordier-but-closer-to-original-meaning choice IMO |
| Berserkergang | Cuồng nộ | "fury" | ... oh well at least it's short, I much prefer that to "nhóm cuồng binh" 11 |
| Atlatl | Tên ném | "arrow-thrower" | Weird that they chose "arrow" rather than "spear" for this one given that real atlatls throw spears and not arrows |
| Garland Wars | Chiến tranh vòng hoa | literal | |
| Marauders | Đạo tặc (盜賊) | literal | |
| Atheism | Vô thần (無神) | literal | |
| Panokseon | Tàu siêu kết cấu (超結構 / 超结构) | "super-structured ship" | Checks out if the AoE Wikia is to be believed 11. Sidenote: "panokseon" translates to "Ván ốc thuyền" Sino-Vietnamese speaking ( 板屋船) (again, according to the AoE Wikia) |
| Shinkichon | Thần cơ tiễn (神机箭) | "magical machine arrow" | thta's some big arrow lol |
| Obsidian Arrow | Mũi tên hắc diện thạch | literal | "Obsidian" there is translated as "黒面石" |
| El Dorado | Thành phố vàng | literal, "golden city"/"city of gold" | |
| Inquisition | Toà án dị giáo | literal, "heresy church" | |
| Supremacy | Quyền tối thượng | "ultimate/supremacy right" | |
| Andean Sling | Dây ném Andes | literal | |
| Fabric Shields | Khiên vải | literal | Never noticed its name got changed in DE before (I knew Corvinian Army was a new name from the start though) |
| Sultans | Hồi vương | literal, "Muslim king" | |
| Shatagni | Súng Shatagni | "Shatagni guns" | I have nussin' to say |
| Pavise | Khiên lồi | "convex shield" | nani? |
| Silk Road | Con đường tơ lụa | literal | |
| Corvinian Army | Quân đội Corvinian | "the army of Corvinian" | A more correct translation should be "Quân đội Corvinus" IMO ("Corvinian" here is just an adjective related to Matthias Corvinus right?) |
| Recurve Bow | Cung cong ngược | literal | |
| Orthodoxy | Chính thống giáo (正統教) | literal | though the term don't sound too specific, in Vietnam it concerns the Eastern Orthodox Church unless specified otherwise |
| Druzhina | Thân binh (親兵) | don't know how to translate, "comrades" maybe? | |
| Kasbah | Thành luỹ | "rampart" | militarising words and places, eh? I like it! |
| Maghrabi Camels | Lạc đà Maghreb | literal, "camels of Maghreb" | Oh this one distinguishes adjective from noun well! |
| Royal Heirs | Người kế vị | "heir" | |
| Torsion Engines | Cơ chế xoắn | "principle of torsion" | This I chalk to the lack of terms for "siege engines". At least it conveys the "torsion" part |
| Tigui | untranslated | ||
| Farimba | untranslated | ||
| Carrack | Thuyền Carrack | "Carrack ship" | Caravel 'Nam flashback |
| Arquebus | Súng hoả mai | literal | |
| Howdah | Kiệu voi | literal, "elephant carriage" | |
| Manipur Cavalry | Kị binh Manipur | literal | |
| Tusk Sword | Kiếm ngà | literal | |
| Double Crossbow | Nỏ đôi | literal | |
| Thalassocracy | Đế chế trên biển | literal, "empire on the sea" | |
| Forced Levy | Trưng binh bắt buộc | literal | |
| Chatras | Dù che | literal, "umbrella" | |
| Paper Money | Tiền giấy | literal | |
| Stirrups | Bàn đạp ngựa | literal | |
| Bagains | untranslated | ||
| Steppe Husbandry | Chăn nuôi trên đồng cỏ | literal | "Steppe" here is translated a tad differently from in "Steppe Lancer". Rest assured, "thảo nguyên" and "đồng cỏ" both means "steppe", the former Sino-Vietnamese (草原) and the latter using native Vietnamese words |
| Cuman Mercenaries | Lính đánh thuê Cuman | literal | |
| Hill Fort | Hào luỹ trên đồi | literal, "defensive structures on the hill" | |
| Tower Shield | Khiên tháp | literal | |
| Silk Armor | Giáp lụa | literal | |
| Timurid Siegecraft | Thuật công thành Timurid | literal, "siegecraft of Timurid" | another adjective used plainly as noun in the translation! It's just "Timur"! |
Wow, technologies are overall translated much closer and more literal than I thought it would/was able to! That's great IMO, even if I didn't get to talk as much about what I think are better ways to translate!
Next part will be the last, and it will cover the buildings! Nah ya know what, there won't be as much buildings left, and civ names in Vietnamese are mostly country names anyway. Let's cover 'em here too!
| Building | Vietnamese term | Translation of the Vietnamese term into English | My thoughts |
|---|---|---|---|
| Barracks | Nhà lính | literal, "soldier's building" | I prefer "doanh trại" (營寨) to "nhà lính" myself |
| Archery Range | Trường bắn | "shooting range" | given that guns will be available later in the game, the translation works even better than the English term do! |
| Stables | Chuồng ngựa | literal, "horse pen" | |
| Blacksmith | Lò rèn | literal | |
| Siege Workshop | Xưởng vũ khí công thành | literal | |
| Dock | Bến tàu | literal | |
| Fish Trap | Bẫy cá | literal | |
| University | Đại học (大學 / 大学) | literal | |
| Outpost | Tiền đồn (前屯) | literal | |
| Palisade Wall | Tường rào | literal, "fence" | |
| Palisade Gate | Cổng rào | literal, "fence door" | |
| Watch Tower | Tháp quan sát | literal | |
| Gate | Cổng | simple and literal | |
| Stone Wall | Tường đá | literal | |
| Castle | Lâu đài (樓臺) | literal | |
| Monastery | Tu viện (修院) | literal | |
| House | Nhà ở | literal | |
| Town Center | Nhà chính | "main house" | Town centers are a bit of a foreign concept in feudal Vietnam. Maybe that's why it wasn't translated more accurately |
| Wonder | Kì quan (奇觀 / 奇观) | literal | |
| Mining Camp | Bãi khai thác | "mining area" | |
| Lumber Camp | Bãi đốn gỗ | "lumber area" | |
| Mill | Nhà xay lương | literal | |
| Farm | Nông trại (農寨) | literal | A simpler alternative is "ruộng", since "nông trại" often means any large agricultural area altogether |
| Market | Chợ | literal | |
| Feitoria | Trạm mậu dịch (貿易 / 贸易) | literal, "trading post" | |
| Krepost | Đồn luỹ (屯壘) | "army camp" | This is probably intended as translating Krepost literally would just be "lâu đài" like Castles |
| Harbour | Cảng (港) | literal |
| Civilization (only those different enough from the English names) | Vietnamese term | Translation of the Vietnamese term into English | My thoughts |
|---|---|---|---|
| Indians | Ấn Độ (印度) | Sino-Vietnamese spelling; very prominent in place names, even with non-East Asian ones | I don't know if this is a newer word based on "India" or if it's been that way from the start, since I don't think "Bharat" could be spelt like that |
| Persians | Ba Tư (波斯) | Sino-Vietnamese spelling | Still in use as slang for Iran, much like how "Persia" is still in use in English |
| Portuguese | Bồ Đào Nha (葡萄牙) | Sino-Vietnamese spelling | |
| Vietnamese | Đại Việt (大越) | "Great Viet" | That's the name of the northern part of modern-day Vietnam between 1054-1400 and 1428-1804 (in the latter period, only then can the South be included as it was under Champa rule for quite some time) |
| Byzantines | Đông La Mã (東羅馬 / 东羅馬) | "Eastern Roman" | We do call them "Byzantine" as well |
| Turks | Đột Quyết (突厥) | Sino-Vietnamese spellng (?) | This is the Chinese term for the Turks and, tbf, I have never heard of it before in my life. And, unlike in English or Turkish when "Turk" and "Turkey" are similar, in Sino-Vietnamese it's "Đột Quyết" and "Thổ Nhĩ Kì" (土耳其)! |
| Huns | Hung (匈) | Sino-Vietnamese spelling | |
| Lithuanians | Litva | literal | This is the Russian exonym of the country's name BTW (endonym "Lietuva"). Only a very few number of place names are in Russian in Vietnamese btw, mostly Russian places like "Moskva", "Sankt Peterburg"... Only Litva and "Krym" are country-and-territory-level names I know of, not even Russia itself (which goes by "Nga" (俄)), and I myself uses the English exonyms |
| Malay | Mã Lai (馬來) | Sino-Vietnamese spelling | Still in use as slang/shorthand for Malaysia (for Indonesia, we just say "Indo" - not confusable with India) |
| Burmese | Miến Điện (緬甸 / 缅甸) | "the far suburbs" | This is taken from Chinese writing, which makes sense given that Myanmar is way too far from most of old China's capitals. Still in use as slang (and for those who can't be bothered trying to read things the Western way), and to describe pre-1988 Myanmar, similar to how "Burma" is used in English to cover the same period |
| Mongols | Mông Cổ (蒙古) | Sino-Vietnamese spelling | Nowadays used equally to describe "Mongol" and "Mongolia"/Mongolian" |
| Japanese | Nhật Bản (日本) | literal | Equivalent to Japanese's "Nihon", "origin of the Sun" |
| Spanish | Tây Ban Nha (西班牙) | Sino-Vietnamese spelling | |
| Koreans | Triều Tiên (朝鮮 / 朝鲜) | literal | Equivalent to Korean's "Choson/Joseon", "beautiful mornings". Still in use as shorthand for North Korea (officially, we use a translation of the DPRK title for news and such; for South Korea, we use "Hàn Quốc" (韓國 / 韓国, equivalent to their "Hanguk", "country of the Han people" (note: Korean "Han" is different from Chinese "Han")), for all occasions), for the peninsula in general and everything related to there. If not, then like in English, we will just call them "Bắc Triều Tiên" or "Bắc Hàn" (北朝鮮 / 北朝鲜 or 北韓)) and "Nam Triều Tiên" or "Nam Hàn" (南朝鮮 / 南朝鲜 or 南韓) to better distinguish the two and leave "Triều Tiên" the more neutral term |
| Chinese | Trung Quốc (中國 / 中国) | literal | Equivalent to, among other languages, Mandarin's "Zhongguo" and, Cantonese's "Junggwok", "middle country". That's the most common way to refer to China, if not then "Trung Hoa" (中華 / 中华) (derived from the translated full PRC title) |
And with that, that's every term I could find on the tech tree when changing the game language to Vietnamese! Thank you all so much for letting these posts up, I hope reading them has been fun and informative more than boring, and see you all later!
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