Bulgarians:
- Asparuh of Bulgaria: was а ruler of Bulgars in the second half of the 7th century and is credited with the establishment of the First Bulgarian Empire in 681.
- Khan Krum: was the Khan) of Bulgaria from sometime between 796 and 803 until his death in 814. During his reign the Bulgarian territory doubled in size, spreading from the middle Danubeto the Dnieper and from Odrinto the Tatra Mountains. Famous for the battle of Pliska in which the Byzantine emperor Nikephoros I perished. Krum is also famous for introducing the first written laws into Bulgaria.
- Boris I of Bulgaria: Christianization of Bulgaria; adoption of Old Bulgarian as the official language of the State and the Church; recognition of an autocephalous Bulgarian Church.
- Peter II : was the first emperor (or tsar) of the restored Bulgarian Empire from 1185 to 1197.
- Kaloyan: Third brother of Asen and Petar. Expanded Bulgaria and concluded a Union with the Catholic Church. Murdered by plotters during the siege of Salonica.
- Omurtag: Known for his construction policy, administrative reform and the persecution of Christians.
- Ivan Asen II: Eldest son of Ivan Asen I. The Second Bulgarian Empire reached its apogee. Died a natural death on 24 June 1241, aged 46–47.
- Ivaylo: Leader of a major peasant uprising. Fled to the Golden Horde but was murdered by the Mongol Khan Nogai
- Constantine II: Son of Ivan Sratsimir (Ivan Sracimir) of Bulgaria by Anna, daughter of prince Nicolae Alexandru of Wallachia. He was crowned co-emperor by his father in or before 1395.
Cumans:
- Boniak the Mangy: was "one of the most prominent Cuman chieftains"[1] in the late 11th century and the early 12th century. He headed a powerful Cuman tribe or clan that inhabited the steppes to west of the Dnieper River.
- Khan Köten: was a Cuman–Kipchak chieftain (khan) and military commander active in the mid-13th century. He forged the important alliance with the Kievan Rus against the Mongols but was ultimately defeated by them at the Kalka River.
- Khan Konchak: He was involved in wars and raids with the Russians (Prince Igor), along the Ros River, where the Cumans attacked towns belonging to the Olgovichi (the ruling dynasty of Chernigov).
- Sharukan the Elder: grand father of Konchak. He was another Polovotsian khan who was victorious against the Ruthenian army of Yaroslavichi at the Alta river (Battle of the Alta River).
- Otrok: was an early twelfth-century Cuman-Kipchak chieftain (khan)) who was involved in the wars with Kievan Rus', and later served under the Kingdom of Georgia.
- Ayyub Khan: was a ruler of Kypchakcommonwealth.
- Bačman: was a Kipchak leader in the Lower Volga.[1] He belonged to the Olberlik clan.[2] In 1229 he fought the invading Mongols.
- Elizabeth the Cuman: queen of Hungary in 1272-1277, during the minority of her son, King Ladislaus IV of Hungary.
- Kuchug: was a Pecheneg khan) who ruled during the 990s CE.
Lithuanians:
- Mindaugas: was the first known Grand Duke of Lithuania and the only Christian King of Lithuania.
- Treniota: was the Grand Duke of Lithuania (1263–1264).
- Shvarno: was the knyaz of western parts of Galicia (1264 – c. 1269) and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1267 – c. 1269). An influential leader, he became involved in internal struggles of power within neighboring Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
- Vytenis: was the Grand Duke of Lithuania from c. 1295 to c.1316. He became the first of the Gediminid dynasty to rule for a considerable amount of time.
- Gediminas: was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1315 or 1316[1][2] until his death. He is credited with founding this political entity and expanding its territory which, at the time of his death, spanned the area ranging from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea.
- Algirdas: was a ruler of medieval Lithuania. He ruled the Lithuanians and Ruthenians from 1345 to 1377.
- Vytautas the Great: from the 15th century onwards, was a ruler of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which chiefly encompassed the Lithuanians and Ruthenians. He was also the Prince of Hrodna (1370–1382), Prince of Lutsk(1387–1389), and the postulated king of the Hussites.
- Fedir Koriatovych: was a Lithuanian prince of Gediminid dynasty, active in Ruthenia, son of Karijotas, Duke of Navahrudak.
Tatars (Possibly the most tricky of all):
- Bumin Qaghan: was the founder of the Turkic Khaganate.
- Özmiş Khagan: was the last penultimate khagan of the Second Turkic Khaganate(Göktürks).
- Bulan: was a Khazar king who led the conversion of the Khazars to Judaism.
- Jani Beg: was a Khan) of the Golden Horde from 1342 to 1357, succeeding his father Öz Beg Khan.
- Yesü Möngke: was head of the ulus of the Chagatai Khanate (1246 or 1247-1252). He was the son of Chagatai Khan.
- Baraq: was a khan of the Chagatai Khanate (1266–1271).
- Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan: was the ninth ruler of Ilkhanate c. 1316-1335.
- Urus Khan: was the eighth Khan) of the White Horde and a disputed Khan of the Blue Horde; he was a direct descendant of Genghis Khan. Urus himself was the direct ancestor of the khans of the Kazakh Khanate.
- Hagı I Giray: was the founder of the Crimean Khanate and the Giray dynasty of Crimea.
- Mamai: was a powerful military commander of the Golden Horde. Contrary to popular misconception, he was not a khan) (king), but a warlord and a kingmaker for several khans, and the de facto regent of the Horde in the 1370s.
- Sultan Ahmed Mirza: was the eldest son of Abu Sa'id Mirza on whose death he became the Timurid ruler of Samarkand and Bukharafrom 1469 until 1494.
- Khalil Sultan: was the Timurid ruler of Transoxiana from 18 February 1405 to 1409. He was a son of Miran Shah and a grandson of Timur.
- Ulugh Beg: was a Timurid sultan, as well as an astronomer and mathematician.
- Ahmed Khan: was a Khan of the Great Horde between 1465 and 1481. In 1465, Ahmed Khan seized power in the Horde by rising against his brother Mahmud bin Küchük, who had been its ruler since 1459. In 1472, Ahmed Khan entered into alliance with the Polish king Casimir IV against Ivan III of Russia.
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